A security researcher has released zero-day code for a flaw in the Linux kernel, saying that it bypasses security protections in the operating system.

The source code for the exploit was made available last week by researcher Brad Spengler on the Dailydave mailing list. According to the researcher, the code exploits a vulnerability in Linux version 2.6.30, and 2.6.18, and affects both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The 2.6.18 kernel is used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.

The exploit bypasses null pointer de-reference protection in the mainline kernel, which could allow an attacker to gain root control of a system, Spengler wrote.

It also uses arbitrary code execution to disable security features such as auditing, Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux), AppArmor and Linux Security Module, while making the applications running outside the kernel believe that SELinux is still operating.

In the notes for his source code, Spengler said the exploit is strengthened if SELinux is applied to the operating system. SELinux is a set of modifications that can be applied to the kernel to harden it, by providing a set of security policies.

"Having SELinux enabled actually weakens system security for these kinds of exploits," he wrote.

Security training organization the Sans Institute called the exploit "fascinating." In a blog post on Friday, Sans Institute incident handler Bojan Zdrnja said that the exploit uses the Linux compiler to overcome the security features.

"The compiler will introduce the vulnerability to the binary code, which didn't exist in the source code," wrote Zdrnja. "This will cause the kernel to try to read/write data from 0x00000000, which the attacker can map to userland--and this finally pwns the box."

In his notes on the source code, Spengler said that a workaround would be for administrators to compile the kernel with fno-delete-null-pointer-checks.

The Symbian Foundation has acknowledged that its process for keeping malicious applications off Symbian OS-based phones needs improvement, after a Trojan horse program passed a security test.

The botnet-building Trojan, which calls itself "Sexy Space," passed through the group's digital-signing process, Symbian's chief security technologist Craig Heath said Thursday. Heath said the group is working on improving its security-auditing procedure.

"When software is submitted, we do try to filter out the bad eggs," Heath told ZDNet UK. "When apps are submitted, they are scanned. We are looking at how they could be scanned better."

Developers must submit the mobile applications they build to the Symbian Foundation for checking for the applications to be accepted by handsets with the Symbian operating system. Once the submission has been accepted, the applications are digitally signed by Symbian. Digital signatures, which are cryptographic security features, are designed to provide an amount of assurance that software for download comes from a trusted source.

The first stage of Symbian's signing process, antivirus scanning, is done automatically using an antivirus engine. Once an application has been submitted and scanned, random samples are then submitted for human audit.

In the case of the low-risk Sexy Space Trojan, which was disguised as a legitimate application called ACSServer.exe, the Trojan had not been subjected to human scrutiny, Heath said.

The Symbian Foundation became aware that Sexy Space was a Trojan two weeks ago, and the signature was revoked then, Heath said. However, an error on Symbian's servers meant the application was available for download until this week.

On the Symbian Signed Web site, the group's antivirus-scanning provider is identified as Finnish company F-Secure. Mikko Hyppönen, F-Secure's chief research officer, told ZDNet UK on Friday that the malware authors had probably tested their Trojan against the F-Secure antivirus engine to circumvent security measures.

"Virus writers scan their malware, and keep modifying it until it passes the filters," Hyppönen says. "Obviously, the signing process can be and has been circumvented."

Symbian uses graded signing processes for mobile applications, according to Hyppönen. The Sexy Space malware went through its express signing process, which is designed for freeware. "It shows the express signing process is not foolproof, but it's still much better than the apps not being signed at all," Hyppönen said.

Symbian is in the process of upgrading its automated scanning processes, Heath said, adding that human auditing is also going to be improved. However, human auditing will probably not be expanded, as this introduces cost and time delays into the process, he said.

The group is looking to automate more of the work involved in publishing applications. "Today, most of the processes behind (Symbian) require manual tasks," the organization said in a blog post on the launch of its new Symbian Horizon program. "Our goal for the near future is to develop a system that will automate this work allowing us to scale the program to include as many apps as possible."

The Symbian Horizon program intends to select applications submitted by developers and then support them through their development and submission to mobile app stores. Symbian said that one of the aims of Horizon was to automate the publication of apps as far as possible.